The Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

The discussion over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 uncovered severe contentions on various issues that had been creating since the writing of the Constitution. The authors of the report realized that after some time the necessities of the country and its kin would change, and along these lines accommodated its correction. In any case, by not explicitly assigning forces to explicit associations, regardless of whether the central government, state governments, or the individuals themselves, they incidentally made a significant issue in the years to follow: Constitutional interpretation.Shortly after the Constitution's sanction, two unmistakable camps framed, each trusting in inverse habits of translation. One gathering, the Federalists, drove by the recently selected Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, believed that the Constitution ought to be deciphered freely. He guaranteed that the Constitution contained powers other than those appointed or identified. These vague f orces were suggested powers. To clarify these forces, Hamilton said it would be characteristic - or suggested - that the central government would deal with any domain increased through triumph of procurement, in spite of the fact that the Constitution made no notice of regional control. Basically, Hamilton wished to utilize the suggested forces to manufacture a solid and definitive focal government.In 1789, the Minister to France Thomas Jefferson, to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania, fighting that "I am not of the gathering of the federalists. Yet, I am a lot farther from that of the anitfederalists." However, the circumstance was touchy to the point that he really wanted to picked a side. In 1795, Jefferson kept in touch with a congressman from Virginia, William Giles, that he "held "t decent to take a firm and chose part." The gathering he agreed with, the Democratic-Republicans, supported a severe translation. As their pioneer, Jefferson contended that all forces not specified by the Constitution had a place with the States. The reason for his contention was the early English "compact" hypothesis. This hypothesis expressed that different people, for this situation the states, combined in a conventional understanding of government. Since the states had drawn up the agreement and offered capacity to the government, it ought to be dependent upon them to choose who got the force, not the body they created.This banter over translation therefore started one of the first and significant issues that in the end prompted the Alien and Sedition Acts: should a solid focal government be shaped (federalist want), or should the individual states have control. What's more, wild assaults of the resulting banter additionally touched off the subsequent issue, open criticism, which prompted the Sedition Act.

A Review of Intelligence for an Age of Terror (Treverton, 2009). The WritePass Journal

A Review of Intelligence for an Age of Terror (Treverton, 2009). Presentation A Review of Intelligence for an Age of Terror (Treverton, 2009). IntroductionConclusionsReferenceRelated Presentation This book by Treverton (2009) is contended here to be a fundamentally significant region of work that takes a gander at the manner by which the utilization of insight has normally needed to change because of present day society. Strangely, despite the fact that there is an unmistakable point not to allot fault explicitly for the ongoing abominations, the creator demonstrates that he feels there is a connection between the United States and their defective way to deal with knowledge and the prominent fear assaults that have occurred in the US. Fundamentally, the creator is extremely mindful so as not to allocate fault or finger point and keeps up a decent and basic methodology when attempting to set up a connection and to take a gander at the job of knowledge. Fundamental Arguments Presented In this book, the writer really proceeds to separate the disappointments, so as to attempt to recognize the effect that the particular inadequacies are having on the greatness and nature of the objective of the dangers. He perceives in this examination that, by and large, the knowledge approaches are revered neglected War security approaches of taking a gander at the association and the strategic choices of the insight contributions, as opposed to concentrating on the real dangers that are being looked in the present atmosphere (Riley et al 2005). One of the fundamental parts of the book which gives increased the value of the data that is being introduced is that, despite the fact that the writer invests energy recognizing the failings, he likewise invests some impressive time taking a gander at the manner by which the progressions he recommends could be executed, by and by. As an expert with involvement with the field, this shows and increases the value of what might some way or another be a possibly scholarly conversation. So as to accomplish this, the creator takes a commonsense view, with the underlying stage being to take a gander at the idea of the dangers that are taking a gander at being focused from knowledge tasks. He expresses that perceiving the dangers is the initial move towards then having the option to perceive the way these ought to be dealt with. It is this sober minded methodology which takes a gander at both the pragmatic reality and the scholarly examination that makes this book so useful in the zone of insight being utilized in the dread setting. The creator follows subjects and subsequent to distinguishing them he at that point proceeds to take a gander at how knowledge ought to be transformed to manage the advanced difficulties. So as to recognize the most ideal approach to manage knowledge and to take a gander at the change of insight culture, there is a need first to consider the real course of the danger and where it radiates from. One basic contention and subject which is introduced by the creator here and which increases the value of the conversation, in the assessment of the commentator, is to take a gander at the job of the country state as being at the base of the evolving dynamic. For instance, during the Cold War, the focal point of dread assaults was commonly country states and as such the insight gathering focussed on these substances. As time has passed, the country states have gotten substantially more than basically target zones. Country states can regularly offer a lot of data that adds to the information an d comprehension of the general issues of insight. Progressively anyway in the advanced setting, the non-state on-screen characters assume an essentially significant job and it is contended by the creator here that a great part of the job of the cutting edge knowledge official is to take a gander at understanding the qualifications and different subtleties that exist inside these non-state entertainers, so that their own inspiration and activities can be better comprehended (p.141) Connected to this string of conversation and again an essentially significant part of the job of knowledge is that there are impressively more people, gatherings and substances that are associated with the region of insight get-together to forestall psychological warfare. With this expanded number of individuals included, the creator puts a lot of spotlight on that, while organizations may well have the innovation to share data, they don't really have the proper strategies set up and in this way the hidden approaches should be surveyed, if present day challenges will be managed. As a general position, the creator keeps up that there should be a sensible methods for providing data over every significant entertainer and to guarantee that the data which is being introduced is applicable and estimated, with the goal that the right individuals can respond rapidly and properly. By concentrating on a portion of the down to earth challenges looked in the present atmosphere, it is contended here that the creator increases an a lot higher level of authenticity than other scholarly investigations here may accomplish; specifically, the creator perceives that it is important to take a harmony between the need to improve security, yet additionally to give protection and security to individuals’ data (Snowden, 2002). He takes note of that focusing on lawfulness and authenticity is in actuality progressively essential to the counter fear endeavors and that there then should be an all out audit of the strategies related with hostile to dread exercises as the primary method of overseeing and fighting such issues. He underpins this by recommending that elements, for example, urging knowledge specialists to make a strategy whereby they can impart data to different elements in a productive and adjusted way is as significant, if not more in this way, than the real i nsight itself. Ends On balance, it is contended that this book presents an intriguing and very much educated supposition on the cutting edge difficulties confronting the knowledge business. By being a creator who has viable involvement with this territory, it is recommended this permits the content to pick up authenticity and furthermore to take a progressively adjusted perspective on the difficulties being confronted. At last, giving reasonable and very much sponsored up recommendations for the future implies that this content presents genuine incentive to the region of insight and counter psychological oppressor exercises. It is finished up, subsequently, this is an even and instructive book that fills a hole inside the present comprehension of the insight business. Reference Riley et al., (2005) State and Local Intelligence in the War on Terrorism, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation Snowden, D (2002) Complex Acts of Knowing: Paradox and Descriptive Self-Awareness, Journal of Knowledge Management, Special Issue, September. Treverton, G. (2009). Knowledge for an Age of Terror. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Essay Topics on Canterbury Tales

Essay Topics on Canterbury TalesA Canterbury Tales essay topic would best be the little girl and her two dwarfs who travel to London with the kidnapped Muck. A Beowulf essay would be about the fierce warriors in a battle on the Western shore.In order to successfully complete an essay on these types of stories, one should have a knowledge of the various characters, their lives, and their motivations. Not only that, but one should have an understanding of a story that encompasses so many aspects.Perhaps one of the most important parts of a Canterbury Tales essay is the ending. In order to write an ending that will be appreciated by the reader, one must first grasp the purpose of the story. Knowing what the author was trying to accomplish before beginning the work is essential for the completion of the essay.Furthermore, knowing the history of the story will help the writer to prepare to write about it. By keeping this fact in mind, the writer will be able to express their feelings in a proper manner. The author should make sure to use facts to explain the story.The story should be connected to each other plot. If the author has managed to weave a tale that is fun, and full of life, then the reader will find the story more fascinating.The second part of the work should be focused on describing the character's life. By focusing on each individual in a part of the story, one will gain more knowledge about the people that are on the story. As a result, the reader will be able to connect the scenes that they are attending.Finally, a final sentence that describes the purpose of the story should be included in the final paragraph. As the author is writing an essay, the sentences should flow naturally from the events that are happening throughout the book.The different Canterbury Tales essay topics that are available to writers, as well as all of the tips that are available, are amazing. The more work that one puts into writing the essay, the better the writer will becom e.

Human Resource Management And The Hr Department - 955 Words

Human resource management is the key to a business that runs smoothly and efficiently. The people that run the HR department have to be knowledgeable in many capacities such as interviewing, training, accounting, and ensuring that everyone is performing their job duties in a high quality way. Recruitment of personnel is one of the main things that most think of when they hear human resource management. You can be guaranteed that anyone earning a paycheck in the building has gone through the HR department before they obtained their job. This also goes for unpaid volunteers/interns. Following company protocol for rules and regulations is the driving force behind the recruitment process. Most companies will require a rigorous criminal and personal background check, and this is the human resource departments first job. HR will sometimes go through job/talent agencies to find pre-screened candidates that have already been processed through a background check. The job agencies will also ensure that the recruit has the specified qualifications that will match up to the job listings requirements. Going through a job agency will aid the HR team in finding the best candidate for the job. Recruitment also means that the department will have to make sure that the job appears to be high quality and worth someone’s time, or else the job of finding a candidate will be much more difficult. Sometimes they will have to add to the job description something like â€Å"sign on bonus† orShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management And The Hr Department1532 Words   |  7 Pages Although Human Resource Management did begin as a administrative job, advancements in technology has increased a business’s resources to the point of needing this department to take on a more strategic role. The HR Department is or all intend and purposes the center point for the employees needs ranging from - payroll, benefits, vacation, as well as staying up to date with the legal matters. The roles the HR department have always been aimed at meeting the needs of the employee, with a strategicRead MoreHuman Resources Department Is Responsible For Performing Hr Management Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe human-resources department is responsible for performing HR management. This includes overseeing numerous aspects of employment, such as compliance with labor laws, employee benefits, recruitment and retention just to name a few. According to APHSA (2016), there are four primary functions for which HR is responsible: Executing HR Administrative Functions; Developing Talent ; Influencing Culture; and Influencing Direction. By executing HR admin functions the department; builds trust with administrationRead MoreFunctional Area Plan: Human Resources1435 Words   |  6 PagesFunctional area Plan: Human Resources Member of Managing Mugs Human Resources Manager Composition The roles of Human Resources (HR) professionals are changing. HR managers were previously viewed as the patrolling unit of executive management. Yaduvanshi (n.d.) says that â€Å"their role was associated with personnel and administration functions that organization viewed as paperwork. In this role, the HR professional served executive agendas well, but was frequently viewed as a road-block by theRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MoreStrategic Planning : Mission And Strategic Objectives1543 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic planning is one of the most critical human resource management challenges facing both the private and public health sectors in today’s market. Strategic planning can equip University Hospital with the methodology to go from a decentralized platform to a centralized platform. Effective strategic planning requires a strong Human Resources department and also strong executive leadership as well. This will help show a clearly articulated vision, mission and strategic objectives. StrategicRead MoreHum an Resources : A Fundamental Department Of An Organization913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources is a fundamental department of an organisation; this is because it focuses on the management of the personnel within the company. Human resources has been identified as ‘the source of sustainable competitive advantage and success, this is true when human resources management policies and practices are implemented with the main strategies and objectives set by the company itself. Strategic human resources management emphasises the successfulness of combining policies, strategies andRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 PagesA good human resource department is essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as be ing a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resourceRead MoreImplement Plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesImplement plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Human Resource Department [pic] Name: Xiong Words: 1507 Table of content: Overview....................................................................................................................................3 Impact of human resource department.......................................................................................3 Time plan..........................................Read MoreHenry Ford Health Systems: Human Resources Models Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesFord Health Systems Human Resources department operates under an organized structure. The HFMG is organized as a blend of group and academic practice. The HFMG Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chairs, and Center Directors lead it (Kelley 2011). The body that oversees the different departments, including the Human Resources department, is an elected Board of Governors (Figure 1). Figure 1 can help in visualizing all this. The head of the Human Resources Department is also the seniorRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) Concepts1429 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) concepts are strongly tied to management effectiveness as well as an organizations overall success. In this report the author will examine the importance of a strong human resource department and how that influences the day-to-day running of t he business. â€Å"Increasingly, what makes organizations effectiveness is how they organize staff and manage their human capital. It’s important for organizations to have the right amount of financial capital and hard assets, but

What Are Loanwords and Where Are Some Examples

In lexicology, a  loanword  (also spelled loan word) is a word  (or lexeme) imported into one language from another language. These words are also called a borrowed word  or a borrowing. The term loanword, from the German Lehnwort, is an example of a calque or loan translation. The terms loanword and borrowing are, at best, imprecise. As countless linguists have pointed out,  its extremely unlikely that a borrowed word will ever be returned to the donor language. Over the past 1,500 years, English has adopted words from more than 300 other languages. Loanwords make up a huge proportion of the words in any large dictionary of English, notes Philip Durkin in Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. They also ï ¬ gure largely in the language of everyday communication and some are found even among the most basic vocabulary of English. Examples and Observations Geoffrey Hughes A threefold distinction derived from German is applied by scholars to loan words on the basis of their degree of assimilation in the new host language. A Gastwort (guest word) retains its original pronunciation, spelling, and meaning. Examples are passà © from French, diva from Italian, and leitmotiv from German. A Fremdwort (foreign word) has undergone partial assimilation, as have French garage and hotel. Garage has developed a secondary, Anglicized pronunciation (garrij) and can be used as a verb; hotel, originally pronounced with a silent h, as the older formulation an hotel shows, has for some time been pronounced like an English word, with the h being sounded. Finally, a Lehnwort (loan word) has become a virtual native in the new language with no distinguishing characteristics. Loan word is thus an example of itself. Lyle Campbell [One] reason why words are taken over from another language is for prestige, because the foreign term for some reason is highly esteemed. Borrowings for prestige are sometimes called luxury loans. For example, English could have done perfectly well with only native terms for pig flesh/pig meat and cow flesh/cow meat, but for reasons of prestige, pork (from French porc) and beef (from French boeuf) were borrowed, as well as many other terms of cuisine from French—cuisine itself is from French cuisine kitchen—because French had more social status and was considered more prestigious than English during the period of Norman French dominance in England (1066-1300). Philip Durkin Among Spanish  loanwords that are  likely to be used by most speakers of contemporary English without particular consciousness of their Spanish origin, and certainly not with reference only to Spanish-speaking cultures, are: machete (1575), mosquito (1572), tobacco (1577), anchovy (1582), plantain type of banana (1582; 1555 as platano), alligator (1591); earlier lagarto)..., (probably) cockroach (1624), guitar (a. 1637, perhaps via French), castanet (1647; perhaps via French), cargo (1657), plaza (1673), jerk to cure (meat) (1707), flotilla (1711), demarcation (1728; perhaps via French), aficionado (1802), dengue (1828; the ulterior etymology is uncertain), canyon (1837), bonanza (1844), tuna (1881), oregano (1889). Today English borrows words from other languages with a truly global reach. Some examples that the Oxford English Dictionary suggests entered English during the past 30 years include  tarka dal, a creamy Indian lentil dish (1984, from Hindi),  quinzhee,  a type of snow shelter (1984, from Slave or another language of the Pacific Coast of North America),  popiah, a type of Singaporean or Malaysian spring roll (1986, from Malay),  izakaya, a type of Japanese bar serving food (1987),  affogato, an Italian dessert made of ice cream and coffee (1992)... Some words slowly build up in frequency. For instance, the word  sushi  [from Japanese]  is first recorded in English in the 1890s, but the earliest examples in print all feel the need to explain what sushi is, and it is only in recent decades that it has become ubiquitous, as sushi has spread along the high street and into supermarket chiller cabinets in most corners of the English-speaking world. But, commonplace though sushi may be today, it hasnt made its way into the inner core of English in the same way as words like  peace,  war,  just, or  very  (from French) or  leg,  sky,  take, or  they  (from Scandinavian languages). Francis Katamba By using a particular language,  bilingual speakers may be saying something about how they perceive themselves and how they wish to relate to their interlocutor. For instance, if a patient initiates an exchange with a doctor in the doctors surgery in Yiddish, that may be a signal of solidarity, saying: you and I are members of the same sub-group. Alternatively, rather than choosing between languages, these two people may prefer code-switching. They may produce sentences which are partly in English and partly in Yiddish. If foreign words are used habitually in code-switching, they may pass from one language into another and eventually become fully integrated and cease being regarded as foreign. That is probably how words like chutzpah (brazen impudence), schlemiel (a very clumsy, bungling idiot who is always a victim), schmaltz (cloying, banal sentimentality) and goyim (gentile) passed from Yiddish into (American) English. The fact that there is no elegant English equivalent to thes e Yiddish words was no doubt also a factor in their adoption. Kerry Maxwell A tongue-in-cheek alternative to ringxiety is fauxcellarm, an ingenious blend of the French loan word faux, meaning ‘false,’ cell, from cellphone, and alarm, which when spoken out loud sounds similar to ‘false alarm.’ Sources: Philip Durkin, Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English, 2014Geoffrey Hughes,  A History of English Words. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2000Lyle Campbell,  Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. MIT Press, 2004Philip Durkin, Does English Still Borrow Words From Other Languages?  BBC News, February 3, 2014Francis Katamba,  English Words: Structure, History, Usage, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005Kerry Maxwell, Word of the Week. Macmillan English Dictionary, February 2007

Nike Swot Analysis - 3115 Words

. Case Profile Nike started out just as plan developed in order to satisfy course work at Stanford University. Mr. Phil Knight a graduate student at Stanford University and a long-distance runner decided that he would make low cost running shoes in Japan and then sell them in the US. Knight solicited the assistance of a past coach Bill Bowerman to assist him in his business venture and in 1964 they started Blue Ribbon Sports. Knight called his first shoe Tiger and began distribution at track meets. Blue Ribbon in 1971 earned it s swoosh and Knight introduced the first Nike brand line. In 1978 the Blue Ribbon became Nike and each year their profits grew steadily. Due to Nikes concentration in casual shoes in the 1980†¦show more content†¦Furthermore the fluctuation of foreign currency and interest rates, as well as a sluggish US economy may also have negative effects on the industry. o Technological As the nature of science and technology change new advances are being made, but because of the industries competitive nature each company makes their own advances, and then copyrights them. The industry has come very far by studying the fashion, leisure, fitness and sport consumers. o Global Sluggish international economies especially in countries where manufacturing occurs may decrease in international profits. In addition with the initiation of war on a global level, as well as terrorist alerts, people are generally spending less in an effort to prepare for whatever comes to pass. B. SWOT Analysis Strengths: o Brand name recognition, because Nike has been around so long, the brand is recognized and respected both internationally and domestically. o Brand loyalty, Nike has consistently produced quality products that appeal to its consumers both internationally and domestically. o Nike carries a wide arrangement of products with a large amount of options for personal preference. o Strong international presence, in the event that U.S. sales continue to slack off or the economy continues to worsen, they have their international investments thatShow MoreRelatedNike Swot Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT analysis: Nike Introduction Like most companies, Nike has corporate strengths and weaknesses. However, in the 50 years that Nike has been in business, it has weathered most challenges. From its maverick days as an upstart sports shoe brand being sold out of the back of the trunk of its owners’ cars at track meets, through the 80s and 90s when it lavished multi-million dollar endorsement deals on sports icons. Following is a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) analysis ofRead MoreNike Swot Analysis1193 Words   |  5 PagesNike.inc SWOT analysis Strengths: y y y y y y y y y y y y y Nike is a globally recognized for being the number one sportswear brand in the World. Nike being a competitive organization has a healthy aver sion towards its competitors i.e. during Atlanta Olympics, Reebok expensed on sponsoring the games; Nike however sponsored the top athletes and due to this step, it gained valuable coverage. Nike has no factories; rather it uses contract factories to get theRead MoreNike Swot Analysis1382 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis Nike Strengths. Very good Leadership is one of Nike’s strengths. Nike is a very competitive organization. Founder and Owner, Phil Knight is often quoted as saying that â€Å"Business is war without bullets.† Nike has a healthy dislike of its competitors such as Reebok and Addidas. This competition in the market results in the company to strive to have to best products and on the market. Nike sponsors the top athletes and gains valuable coverage through the media. Nike has no factoriesRead MoreNike Swot Analysis4730 Words   |  19 PagesNike: Sweatshops and Business Ethics History What started with a handshake between two running geeks in Oregon in January 1964 are now the world s most competitive sports and Fitness Company. Bill Bowerman the legendary University of Oregon track field coach and Phil Knights a University of Oregon runner under Bowerman coach, found the Nike Company, named by the Greek winged goddess of victory. First the company was named Blue Ribbon Sports. The Nike athletic machine began as a small distributingRead MoreSwot - so Analysis Nike1366 Words   |  6 PagesNike SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Strengths - Nike is one of the main shoemaker in the world. It designs and sells shoes for a big variety of sports including basketball, baseball, golf, soccer, volleyball, tennis, football and running. - Nike is strong at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. Its products go through a rigorous quality control before they go to market. Despite the cost to keep a high-levelRead MoreSwot Analysis : Nike s Shoes1339 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis: The altered shoes have different qualities, shortcomings, opportunities, and dangers available. One of its qualities is embedded in Nike s piece of the pie. Questionably, Nike is the main games attire and Footwear Company and the main brand over the globe. Hence, it can effectively advertise the tennis shoes in its current business sector. Nike too has a set up worldwide conveyance channel (chain), solid business sector methodology, a pioneer in innovation and configuration and itRead MoreSWOT Analysis Section here about the overall SWOT analysis and the benefits of doing one for a800 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Analysis Section here about the overall SWOT analysis and the benefits of doing one for a company. Should introduce the topic to others†¦ especially group members so they know what the analysis does for us and why it is important. Such as, Strengths Strengths are characteristics of the company that give the business a competitive advantage over others. Nike has a strong international brand in which everyone recognizes it from their logo. The logo can be presented by itself without the nameRead MoreCore Competencies And Sustainable Competitive Advantage1296 Words   |  6 PagesCore Competencies and Sustainable Competitive Advantage In terms of core competency, Nike 1) provides high quality durable items to its customers. As a leader in fitness clothing and accessories, Nike strives to be on the edge of the market by providing innovative ideas that improve customer satisfaction. Recognizing the importance of eco-friendly business 3) Nike promotes recycling to its customers and utilize recycling in its own manufacture of products. Lastly, this organization 4) completesRead MoreThe Report On Nokia Mobile Phones1741 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantage. SWOT Analysis Vs PEST Analysis and When to Use Them When planning a project it is important to learn about the internal and external factors that can affect the project. There are some excellent strategic planning methods that you can use analyze all these factors. SWOT analysis and PEST analysis are two of the most frequently used planning methods. Below is a brief introduction to both methods and a comparison of SWOT analysis vs PEST analysis. What is SWOT Analysis ? SWOT when brokenRead MoreNike/Adidas: Key factors that influence success of Nike and Adidas, Swot Analysis.2076 Words   |  9 PagesBrand awareness is one of the biggest assets that athletic shoe companies as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Fila can have. Brand awareness always brings a considerable advantage in getting consumers attention and making a good place in that shoe market. If a well established brand name effectively mentions the messages of quality and dependability. Thus consumers will automatically go to that brand relying on the image that has been created when they dont have time to shop around. Athletic shoe manufacturers

Pollution in urban in rural homes free essay sample

Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems in homes. Inadequate ventilation can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the home. High temperature and humidity levels can also increase concentrations of some pollutants. It is stated in â€Å"1)edugreen. teri† that Air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants, odors, and SPM, (suspended particulate matter) such as dust, fumes, mist, and smoke. The concentration of these in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings. The largest sources of human-created air pollution are energy generation, transportation, and industries that use a great deal of energy sources. Depending on their source and interactions with other components of the air, they can have different chemical compositions and health impacts. Since these pollutants are generally concentrated in and around urban areas, the outdoor urban pollution levels are far higher than in the rural areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in urban in rural homes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indoor air pollution can be particularly hazardous to health as it is released in close proximity to people. It is stated that a pollutant released indoors is many times more likely to reach the lung than that released outdoors. It can lead to many health problems some sign of air pollutant exposure include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and humidifier fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants. From â€Å"cpsc† we learn that there are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home. These include combustion sources such as oil, gas, kerosene, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated, asbestos-containing insulation, wet or damp carpet, and cabinetry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as radon, pesticides, and outdoor air pollution. If too little outdoor air enters a home, pollutants can accumulate to levels that can pose health and comfort problems. Too much time indoors with little outdoor air is health problems. We see in urban areas people spend most of their time indoors with close doors, close windows. Outdoor air enters and leaves a house by: infiltration, natural ventilation, and mechanical ventilation. In a process known as infiltration, outdoor air flows into the house through openings, joints, and cracks in walls, floors, and ceilings, and around windows and doors. In natural ventilation, air moves through opened windows and doors. The rate at which outdoor air replaces indoor air is described as the air exchange rate. When there is little infiltration, natural ventilation, or mechanical ventilation, the air exchange rate is low and pollutant levels can increase. â€Å"In addition to environmental tobacco smoke, other sources of combustion products are unvented kerosene and gas space heaters, woodstoves, fireplaces, and gas stoves. The major pollutants released are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particles. Unvented kerosene heaters may also generate acid aerosols. Combustion gases and particles also come from chimneys and flues that are improperly installed or maintained and cracked furnace heat exchangers. Pollutants from fireplaces and woodstoves with no dedicated outdoor air supply can be back-drafted from the chimney into the living space particularly in weatherized homes†. (cpsc). According to â€Å"Hulin, Caillaud and Annesi† Health effects of indoor pollution have been investigated overall in urban areas. To compare the potential effect of home air pollutants on asthma in urban and rural houses; during 1 week, nitrogen dioxide, fine particles, and volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) were assessed at home. Urban dwellings were found to be more polluted than rural ones, with concentrations up to two times higher. In the urban population, the association with toluene was significant in children studied during winter, and with toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene when cases were restricted to current asthmatics. To conclude we can say indoor pollution can be found anywhere and that they are hazardous to the health. It is due to many things that we use, brought, or found in our homes. Urban areas have a lot of pollutant because of big industries, over population, also the fact that people in cities use to many accommodations to make their life easy, free and fun. Like my grandma would say staying indoor all day is prison in many ways: your mind, your health, your freedom. Base on the above facts we can say that indoor pollution is a greater problem than in urban areas. It can be prevented, it can be reduce we just have to take the steps to that not wait for people to do for us. Safety starts at home.

The Populist Party, A Third Political Party That Originated In America

The Populist Party, a third political party that originated in America in the latter part of the nineteenth century, derived as a result of farmer discontent and economic distress. This was caused by the country's shift from an agricultural American life to one in which industrialists dominated the nation's development. The public felt as if they were being cheated by these robber barons, a term given to those who took advantage of the middle and lower classes by boldly stealing the fruits of their toils (Morgan, 30). These corporate tycoons' conduct was legal, however ethically dubious it was. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a well-known railroad baron, reportedly once said, Law! What do I care about the law? Hain't I got the power? (Morgan, 30) The change from agrarian to industrial had a profound effect on everyone's life. Ignatius Donnelly, a leader in the Populist Party wrote, We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. Corruption dominate s the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench . . . A vast conspiracy against mankind has been organized (Tindall, 957). As a result of this significant transformation, along with several different perspectives of peoples' mores, several reform movements were commenced, such as prohibition, socialism, and the Greenback Labor Party. Each of these movements was launched by different coalitions in hopes of making a difference either for themselves or for the good of the country. The farmers, specifically, were unhappy for four particular reasons: physical problems, social and intellectual concerns, economic difficulties, and political frustrations. The physical concerns the climate of the time period. Following 1885, there was a large drought on the American prairie, thus causing this land to become known as the Dust Bowl. Furthermore, there were extreme blizzards resulting in innumerable deaths of cattle and livestock. Also, farms were very isolated causing the women and children to lead a life of solitude and boredom. They demanded change. In fact, the women were the ones to start libraries and other meeting places for themselves and their children. This isolation made schooling for children quite difficult. Most kids who lived on the farm did not receive a proper education, or one of any kind for that matter. Farmers' economic problems are more intricate. Events baffled the farmer. They believed that deflation was the cause of their problem. The farmers p roduced more at a lower price due to improved fertilizers and new machinery, yet was making less than previously. In fact, in 1894, growers received less income from 23 million acres of cotton than from nine million in 1873. The exorbitant prices of shipping their goods to markets worsened their situation. The railroads overcharged farmers so that they were able to grant large rebates to large industrialists to ensure the continuance of their business. These railroads united to form trusts that raised farmers' prices. One Kansan said in 1891: At the age of 52 years, after a long life of toil and self-denial, I find myself and family virtually paupers. With hundreds of hogs, scores of good horses, and a farm that rewarded the toil of our hands with 16,000 bushels of golden corn we are poorer by many dollars than we were years ago. What once seemed a neat little fortune and a house of refuge for our declining years, by a few turns of the monopolistic crank has been rendered valueless (Morgan, 157). Lastly, farmers are outraged at their own victimization by businessmen who utilize their wealth and influence to secure unfair fiscal advantages. As politicians increasingly paid more attention to industrial interests, the agrarians' resentment intensified. They recognized that their influence was dwindling. The politicians were ignoring them and their pleas for help. The Populist Party was the result of a movement that begun with the Granger movement, which was, in fact, a social movement. It organized various activities for women and children, established a mail-order program, and took an interest in education. The Grange united the farmers, who started to participate in politics through different independent third parties. As the Granger Movement fell apart, the Farmers' Alliance was established. This, unlike the Granger Movement, was a political movement. There were two

Research Paper on Health

Research Paper on Health Multi professional / disciplinary working is essential in public health, since it draws on theatrical perspectives from a wide range of fields (Naidoo Wills 2001). It is the intention of this essay to demonstrate the importance of this, by evaluating some opposing disciplines that contribute to the field. I would like to explore the diversities of perspectives such as Epidemiology, Social Sciences and the contribution of the public/lay perspectives, to illustrate how ideas from different disciplines contribute to an understanding of public health. By evaluating some of the opposing approaches to public health and highlighting how these diverse disciplines often come from different academic and organisational cultures, it should demonstrate what different perspectives offer to the public health debate and why is a necessity for then to work together. It also offers an analysis of the challenges to public health being a truly multi disciplinary profession. Epidemiology is defined as â€Å"the study of patterns of disease occurrence in human populations and the factors that influence these  patterns† (Lilienfeld Lilienfeld, 1980 as cited in moon, 2000 p1). However public health entails far more that bio-physiological factors and requires investigation of the social context and public/lay perspectives. Sociology examines the social dimensions of health, illness and health care and what accounts for the socio-economic inequalities in public health. It looks at how the social structures, institutions and processes affect health and what is the relation between the professional disciplines and the public (Daykin as cited in Naidoo 2001 p102). Social science is used in the same context as (Williams G Popay J 1997) referring to researchers/disciplines that look at the â€Å" influence of the economic and political context of Britain and other western countries mainly in the late 20 century over the heath of the populations†. Naidoo Wills (2001 p2) offer a reminder that the notion of multi professional working is not a new concept in the study of health. (WHO 1946 cited in Naidoo Wills 2001p2) was one of the first to look at health holistically describing it as a state of complete will being and although this may be considered utopia today, it still highlights the multi dimensional aspects of health and offers arguments as to why disciplines must work in a multi disciplinary way. The most recent government is pressing the idea that public health should be a multi disciplinary profession and wants to bring in more integrated and partnership working with these disciplines. It sees it as one of the ways forward to rid health of the internal market philosophies of the previous Government (Partnership in Action D of H 1998). (The New NHS: Modern and Dependable D of H.1997; Making a Difference: A Strategy for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting D of H.1999; NHS Plan D of H. 2000) jointly pledge to introduce new ways of partnership working and among their concurrent objectives, to raise the profile of public health. Working across boundaries is seen as vital in working with the most vulnerable in society that previously have been missed (D of H 1997). It builds devices around the needs of those whose are most in need and avoids duplication (D of H 1998) and if professionals do not work together then will find themselves in no mans land. (D of H 1998). This docume nt is trying to give different agencies more power to work together by pooling budgets, having lead commissioners, integrating provision and incentives. It could be a challenge for public  health to be a truely multi-displinary profession when medicine has dominated in public health in the past. Modern epidemiological studies have however, contributed greatly and influenced public health work and policies, in trying to change individual’s lifestyles (D of H 1992). However, persistent limitations of this approach has led to the acknowledgement for the wider influences that effect public health, mainly that of health inequalities (D of H, 1999), (D of H, 2001a). These documents recognise that to achieve a comprehensive understanding of public health it is necessary to look beyond â€Å"malfunctioning of the physical body† and investigate, â€Å"societal and cultural factors along side†(Naidoo et al 2001) This essay argues that more credence must be given to social science research, if public health is to be effective. It is clear that if we are going to work effectively on public health then professions must not only work together in a multi disciplinary way but must also listen to what the public say about their own health needs (Williams G Popay J (1997). Recent documents such as the expert patient (D of H, 2001b) and â€Å"Shifting the balance of power† (D of H 200a) offer a basis for involving the public, however it remains a challenge about how to work in conjunction with everyone with our current, diverse and multi cultural society. More innovative research is needed, including both epidemiological and social perspectives. To understand the constraints of multi- professional working within public health, it is necessary to look at the history behind public health, especially the contributions of Epidemiology, which has focused on the causes of disease at population level and continues to be considered one of the most important sciences contributing to it. (Beaglehole Bonita, 1997). By the end of the Victorian era, public health had moved into two very distinct areas that were quite separate. The first was involved in the general improvements of social conditions and the second concentrated on the development of specific preventative and curative health services ( Baggott 2000) Epidemiology since the nineteenth century has had an enormous impact on public health with wide ranging achievements (susser susser, 1996) starting with improvements in drainage and sewerage, initiating statistical evidence, recognising and tackling environmental and social factors that have effected health. Work was also done o n eradicating infectious diseases though the development of vaccinations. Effects on public health by this discipline have not all been seen as beneficial and the insights gained previously into environmental factors and poverty were somewhat lost with this dominant but narrow biomedical approach (Baggett R 2000). Mc known 1976 even observed that health improvements have less to do with immunisations and more to do with improving socio economic factors. From a social perspective (Williams G pope, 1997) go further than this and claim that this medical led power may have led to people not focusing on social reform as much and that in fact in the recent decades as historically, the poor have continued to be blamed for illness and the disease. They feel that to much credence has been given to data collecting and the epidemiological model, so to stifle public health work. They also claim that the public and lay views are just as valid and that general feelings and perceptions are equally as important.Those from a medical health background to give less credence to socilogocal  perspectives especially the lay involvement in health matters(Heller T 2001) claims that to ensure that medicine continues to be the lead in many public health issues there needs to be more evicence base and it is the lack of this has caused problems in dilemmas around the medical perceptions of important health issues and those of the public i.e. MMR vaccination debate. This is particularly significant in today’s climate of clinical governance and evidence –based practise (D of H, 1997 and 1998) These ideologies have had a major impact on Epidemiology where there have been criticisms regarding the standards of research and data collection and yet in contrast ,there appears to be a complex confusion of views between the various disciplines with the government saying they want more evidence based practise from the scientific disciplines and equally a desire for the public to be listed to and involved . whilst Black (2001) claims there needs to be a more sustained drive to collect and use evidence as an underpinning of health policies at all levels and that despite the rhetoric and  criticism around their own discipline , health policy makers equally develop their policies largely in an evidence-free zone (Black 2001). Povey (1998) states very strongly that Lay people need to be much more involved in order to include the social and cultural context of public health This term â€Å"lay† refers to people who are not health care professionals or researchers but may have a specialist knowledge related to health including the general public and consumer advocates. (Entwistle et al 1998). This essay would also like to argue that the lay perspective should be included in any debate around multi- professional working, Even though they are not health professionals but are very much needed for the social and cultural context (povey 1998) It has also been claimed that duee to the way medicine it constructed, it contributes to contribute to a loss of individual autonomy for example medicine has encroached on normal things such as life and death (mckeown, 1976) and that public health research, especially that of Epidemiology ,has increasingly excluded from its ‘microscope attention’ the voices of the people (Williams et al 1997). Whilst Epidemiology has indeed done great things in the development of the fight against infection., the power that Epidemiology was then consequently afforded in public health meant that they focused on these areas somewhat to the exclusion of the political need to look at social inequalities and injustices. Historically all disciplines come from differing perspectives with different concepts models highlighting why it must be necessarily multi disciplinary but it is relatively recently that people have really started to link the different perspectives to health (stansfield 1999 c ited in Naidoo 2001) and therefore highlighting the need for them to collaborate and make connections when working together for the improvement of the public’s health. It would appear that reflecting on this review of public Health history, that Epidemiology has had significant successes and the knowledge and influence that it has gained have influenced many public health policies and campaigns such as â€Å"Health of the Nation†, (D of H, 1992). But despite the measures by Epidemiology to demonstrate strong associations of risk factors Emslie et al (2001 a p25) suggest that the current â€Å"evidence on the effectiveness of health advice to modify behavioural risk factors, is discouraging† and propose that an â€Å"urgent need to understand the public perceptions of the causes and consequences is needed†. (Parsons 1951) first developed the concept that ill health should be viewed in relation to the society as a whole and not just as the individual, which very much forms the basis of public health work today . This backs up all the recent social science research of health being strongly patterned by social factors. People do no t have equal chance of enjoying health or living to old age and deprived groups experience poorer health, higher levels of mortality and there are differences in class gender sexuality and ethnicity. When looking at why these inequalities persist it offers a view of how the medical perspective of health can be at odds with  sociological and public  perception (Naidoo page social science) (Williams G et al1997) recorded some interesting research done in Salford, which has some of the poorest population in Great Britain within the ward. This research claimed that the public were able to present a sophisticated understanding of the network of factors which may structure perceptions of ill health and related risks i.e smoking through despair is an obvious well researched example (Graham, 1987 and 1993)This research indicated that the traditional health education messages alone do not work .people in these poorest wards well know the health related risks that they faced i.e. the effects of smoking, drinking, drugs poor diet and exercise etc but most of the respondents cited structural and socio- economic factors as the most powerful influences on their health such as living in high rise flats and the stresses of bringing up young children in this environment that caused depression and isolation . Unemployment, poverty, economic decline and fear of crime were all put down as the most signifant cause of their poor health.  Heat education alone may have increased knowledge, but have failed to address the real issues of public health and have possibly caused an era of victim blaming. Epidemiology has been criticised for its methodological individualism (Diex- Roux, 1998 p 216) and as with (William g povey), (Schwartz Carpenter 1999) and (Pearce, 1996) they all criticise modern Epidemiology for its disregard of wider socio-cultural, temporal issues. It is suggested that contextual or multilevel analyses to investigate individual and multi-level variables would bring context back to Epidemiology Diex-Rusx 1992 p216) It is clear therefore that â€Å"public health has to be multi disciplinary because social factors such as income, housing, and employment have been shown to have greatest impact on health status than health care† (Modernising Health and Social Services 1998) Multi disciplinary working is recognised in health improvement guidance (D of H, 1997) where the shared responsibility for health between local authorities, NHS and their partners is highlighted. There have bewen many changes in public health, in recent years and we are now more likely to hear that the pattern of health inequality is about where you live and whether you are rich or poor, rather that you own lifestyle decisions. (Mitchell R et al 2000). This report on the Inequalities in Life and Death claims that all health changes can be manipulated though radical social policy changes. The new approaches to Epidemiology also sound promising with a suggestion of a new era of eco-Epidemiology addressing health at population, societal and individual levels. However without a multi disciplinary approach to epidemiological research, it will fail to investigate context and will continue to provide invalid conclusions and recommendations for public health. Diez- roux (1998) acknowledges that defining and measuring contextual variables is problematic and Epidemiology must create methods of research that incorporate both qualitative and quantitative approaches. This can only happen with collaboration with different disciplines. Especially social and cultural methodologies. Much of the work done around involving the public derives from a sociological perspective and this has also helped to produce useful models for health promotion. Public health disciplines must continue to adopt socially aware and multi disciplinary approaches. They must continue to liase with and involve the public who are empowering themselves often by gathering information over the internet (Hardy 1999). If health promotion is to be truly multi disciplinary then disciplines shoulimitations when standing alone which leads to the need for them not to stand alone but be a part of the debate Naidoo page2 the value of people working in a multi disciplinary way is that by drawing on many different expertise, a fuller account of public health can begin to challenge existing boundaries of knowledge that lead to only a partial understanding of health. In this assignment, I hope to have also argued that whilst inter professional working is vital in public health and indeed there are barriers too it. It is also equally as important to ensure that the public or consumers of the professionals have a greater say in the quality and nature of the provision. . There will always be intellectual tensions between disciplines but this should provide the basis for invigorating debate rather than mutual hostility (Williams 1997) Naidoo By working in a multi. Public Health is far too complex to be interpret ed in a single discipline.

The Objectives Of The Spanish And British Colonizers Case Study

The Objectives Of The Spanish And British Colonizers - Case Study Example Comparisons made between the two as far as patterns of colonization demonstrate the existence of significant differences. There were similarities, such as the use of the New Lands to further their mercantile ideologies. Both also ravaged the native peoples of the Americas, which set on course cultural destruction and disruption. However, both nations would lose their colonies by the early 19th century as independent settler communities were established. How were their objectives for finding these settlements similar or different? The objectives of the Spanish and British colonizers were starkly different apart from their goal of advancing their mercantile ideologies. The Spanish colonized and settled in the New Lands primarily as conquerors with the political system that they set up being entirely autocratic and centered on furthering the Spanish motherland (Elliott 37). After they had conquered the lands, they proceeded to loot vast resources. Spain viewed the new lands that it colo nized as an object whose only use was for the furthering of its mercantile objectives. This was evident in a large number of ships that traveled from Spanish America to Spain laden with gold, silver, and other valuables. Since it was their sole objective, Spain gave minimal rights of self-rule to their colonies, instead of dictating the policies governing them from the Spanish mainland (Elliott 38). The British settled peacefully rather than as conquerors into the new Lands. They migrated to these lands with the sole objectives of economic opportunity, political freedom, and independence. Because England had a long tradition of partial representation, their colonies were able to achieve some self-government with a form of assembly that was representative of the settlers.

The Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Economic - Essay Example Aside from the education sector, the construction segment also suffered from a major cut due to the slowdown in public construction projects. Irwin also mentions Obama’s response to America’s unemployment problem, which is the $447 billion American Jobs Act. The Act aims to channel money to the state governments to avoid more job cuts (Irwin 2). This Act however is facing a lot of resistance from Congress who deem it unacceptable for the federal government to rescue the state and local governments. This article by Irwin presents a bird’s eye view of the current unemployment situation of the US. It is very informative, citing valuable data on the labor front. One thinks that even if the public sector does not create new jobs or cuts on its employment, the unemployment figure could still improve provided that the private sector is able to take in those who lost their jobs from the state and local governments. The question though that persists in one’s mind is whether the private sector is ready to hire more with the current state of the

John Dalton And Atomic Theory

John Dalton And Atomic Theory John Dalton was the originator of atomic theory, which theory provided scientists with new ways of seeing the physical world. Atomic weights and fixed ratios of atoms inside compounds provided researchers with the knowledge to explore chemical compositions of matter. Daltons new information on atomic weights allowed a Russian chemist, Dmitry Mendeleyev, to create the periodic table of elements. This table provided the means for discovering new elements, and Dalton also proposed symbols for the elements. The symbols would represent the atom combination in compounds, but these were later changed to the abbreviations known today. Daltons theory had been accepted at the time, but it opened new questions about atom interactions. The structure and interaction of atoms refined atomic theory. Until Dalton, the line between physics and chemistry was almost unnoticeable, but his atomic theory distinguished and divided the two disciplines. In physics and chemistry, the atom is a cornerstone providing an understanding of matter and force, especially in quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis refers to the measurement of how much of a certain substance is within a sample. Daltons theory was the beginning of nuclear energy and fusion research still used today. The theory also provides for the study of the quantitative relationships between substances in chemical reactions, or stoichiometry. It provides for structural theory and arrangements of atoms for influencing properties. Daltons models eventually turned into the understanding of 3-dimensional qualities of molecules and the affect of structure on properties. Daltons theory did have some inaccuracies, but it did provide the foundation for future generations of scientists. Atomic theory is the idea that matter is made u p of little units called atoms. In 1897, the British scientist J.J. Thomson discovered that atoms are in fact made up of smaller particles. Today atomic theory refers to matter being made up of units that are indivisible only some of the time. Dalton concluded that evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas. He wondered how water and air could occupy the same space at the same time, when obviously solid bodies cant. If the water and air were composed of discrete particles, Dalton reasoned, evaporation might be viewed as a mixing of water particles with air particles. He performed a series of experiments on mixtures of gases to determine what effect properties of the individual gases had on the properties of the mixture as a whole. While trying to explain the results of those experiments, Dalton developed the hypothesis that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different. John Dalton published the first table on relative atomic weights that included six elements viz. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur. He stated the atomic weight of hydrogen to be 1. It was not confirmed as to how he derived the atomic weights. However, his laboratory notebook indicated that he found out the relative weights from the studies of the compounds water, carbon dioxide and ammonia. In his notebook, the elements were represented by symbols. He was the first person to propose the idea of identifying an element by its symbol. Later on, elements are represented by their abbreviations, for example, H is the abbreviation of the element hydrogen. While the concept of atoms was thus being made indispensable, the ancient belief that they were probably structure less and certainly indestructible came under devastating attack. J.J. Thomsons discovery of the electron in 1897 soon led to the realization that the mass of an atom largely resides in a positively charged part, electrically neutralized by a cloud of much lighter electrons. A f ew years later Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy showed how the emission of alpha and beta particles from radioactive elements causes them to be transformed into elements of different chemical properties. By 1913, with Rutherford as the leading figure, the foundations of the modern theory of atomic structure were laid. It was determined that a small, massive nucleus carries all the positive charge whose magnitude, expressed as a multiple of the fundamental charge of the proton, is the atomic number. An equal number of electrons carrying a negative charge numerically equal to that of the proton form a cloud whose diameter is several thousand times that of the nucleus around which they swarm. The atomic number determines the chemical properties of the atom, and in alpha decay a helium nucleus, whose atomic number is 2, is emitted from the radioactive nucleus, leaving one whose atomic number is reduced by 2. In beta decay the nucleus in effect gains one positive charge by emitting a negative electron and thus has its atomic number increased by unity. Rutherfords gold foil experiment, performed in conjunction with Geiger and Marsden, provided evidence for the nucleus due to the scattering of alpha particles. The protons. Further work by Chadwick revealed the existence of neutrons within the nucleus of the atom. The atomic number describes the number of protons in the nucleus. For a neutral atom this is also the number of electrons outside the nucleus. Subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass number gives the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element they have the same number of protons, or the same atomic number which have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical properties. Radioactive isotopes are called radioisotopes. Most of the elements in the periodic table have several isotopes, found in varying proportions for any given element. The average atomic mass of an el ement takes into account the relative proportions of its isotopes found in nature. A nuclear binding force holds the nucleus of the atom together. The nuclear mass defect, a slightly lower mass of the nucleus compared to the sum of the masses of its constituent matter, is due to the nuclear binding energy holding the nucleus together. The mass defect can be used to calculate the nuclear binding energy, with E = mc2. The average binding energy per nucleon is a measure of nuclear stability. The higher the average binding energy, the more stable the nucleus. The basic difference between Rutherfords Atomic Theory and the Plum Pudding Model has to do with the fact that the Plum Pudding Model theorized that an atom was made up electrons the plums surrounded by a positively charged mass the pudding. Rutherford later proved that this wasnt the case and theorized that atoms were comprised of a very small nucleus surrounded by electrons. The basic tenets of that statement are still held to be true in the modern era. The chief difference is the fact that Niels Bohr, when theorizing the design of the atom, included a thesis for the forces that help to hold the atomic structure together. The Bohr model is still widely accepted by contemporary scientists. The Bohr model of the atom was established in 1913 as the leading theory of atomic structure. Because of this, it can be truthfully said that Rutherfords Atomic Theory was an extremely short-lived phenomenon. Despite its brief time frame, however, Rutherfords theory was extremely important because Niels Bohr wouldnt have been able to develop his own model without the established background that Rutherfords Atomic Theory laid out for him. www.angelfire.com/sc2/atomtheory/ www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes//dalton.html www.angelfire.com/sc2/atomtheory/ www.chemprofessor.com/atomic.htm www.nobeliefs.com/atom.htm www.chemlin.net/chemistry/atomic_theory.htm

Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay -- comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Poe and Whittman  Ã‚     Ã‚   A successful writer is he who is able to transmit ideas, emotions, and wisdom on to his readers. He is cable of stirring emotions and capturing the reader's attention with vivid descriptions and clever dialogues. The writer can even play with the meanings of words and fuse reality with fiction to achieve his goal of taking the reader on a wonderful journey. His tools are but words, yet the art of writing is found in the use of the language to create though-provoking pieces that defy the changing times. Between the lines, voices and images emerge. Not everyone can write effectively and invoke these voices. It is those few who can create certain psychological effects on the reader who can seize him (or her) with inspiring teachings, frightening thoughts, and playful games with the language. These people are true writers†¦ In addition, authors frequently lack originality and simply take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, morals, or religion. Successful writers are those who risk and go on to write about topics that many times others have been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions richly enhanced by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday lives†¦thought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality†¦Ã‚   Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t... ... something (AL 2139) Could it be that their originality sprouts from the fact that they have both been able to express so humanly the cries of the soul while at the same time leaving mysteries and ambiguity for the readers' minds to personalize to their own life experiences? Their distinct styles enabled them to expresses exactly what was on their minds with words, leaving behind all inhibitions. The themes of their compositions and the moral issues captured our attention. I think the reader was able to "feel" he was truly experiencing the story simply because so much was left as a mystery for our unconscious to reflect upon†¦ I am convinced that this is the key element that makes both Whitman and Poe successful writers.  Ã‚   Works Cited Reidhead J. ed.   (1998, Fifth Edition) The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1: Norton & Company, New York

Adolescents and Cyberspace Essay

Abstract The Internet has a great deal of benefit in our lives. It is the window that opens onto the world and shows us everything that is happening around us. Although it is meant to help and support our needs, enrich our social lives and expand our civic connections, it has not been going so far in this way. A lot of research is showing that the heavy use of cyberspace is isolating people form the world around them. Knowing that adolescents are spending a great deal of their time in cyberspace, this article will examine the things they miss when they are left to grow up in it. Leaving Adolescents Grow Up in Cyberspace The question on whether leaving adolescents grow up in cyberspace is beneficial or not has long been controversial. When a lot agree that cyberspace has made their life easier, many others believe the opposite. Everything has side effects, which might have great impact on its user if not handled properly. It seems that adolescents, out of all other people, all missing a lot when their parents are letting them grow up in cyberspace. Everything in this advanced world is possible these days, that’s why we find students who study on the Internet in hybrid or online courses. Traditionally, learning has been assumed to take place in a classroom or face-to-face environment where the instructor and students are physically together, but not all students learn the same way and therefore the traditional approach is not ideal for all students (Young, 2007). This is true, but a lot of students are finding it difficult to cope with the new and modern way of learning, where the instructor lectures them online. Some students say: -â€Å"Instructor feedback tend to be slow† -â€Å"I didn’t feel as part of the class† -â€Å"You can’t verbalize your thoughts and let others hear your ideas† -â€Å"Too many technical problems† -â€Å"Unreliable Internet connections from my Internet service provider† -â€Å"You also lose the personal teacher student relationship† -â€Å"No way to read body language† -â€Å"With on-line classes, it is hard to be able to get the whole â€Å"personal† thing† -â€Å"You don’t get to see the professor or class members face-to-face† -â€Å"It takes more time to e-mail or post a question on the discussion board and wait for a response† (â€Å"Students’ Positive and Negative Experience in Hybrid and Online Classes†, 2007, page). Moreover, Irvine(2004) states: â€Å"Assignments are dispersed online. Students are much more likely to do research online than use a library. And even class handouts have gone the way of the Web, posted on electronic bulletin boards for downloading after class†(p.31A). So, if the Internet connection went off, students wouldn’t be able to continue their work. When the computer server in Emory University went down for a few hours one evening, a lot of people were at loose ends, they couldn’t to their homework (Sridharan, 2004). This is how adolescents are missing the more active and efficient way of learning because of cyberspace, thus suffering from a lot of educational and studying problems they are better off without. Looking at the world today would make us realize how much we miss security. And since adolescents are widely using cyberspace, they are the most likely to get affected by what it generates. A lot of teenagers have no problem in making friends, of whom they’ve never seen. In fact, they see that it is one of the purposes of using the Internet. But they never realize how dangerous it could be to meet someone you haven’t actually seen. The Internet allows people to communicate with people who are different from them, people in another country or kids at school they don’t talk to. This access of information is so easy, but of course there is a dark side to having such broad access: it gives identity thieves and sexual predators a new place to look for victims (Stern, 2004). Also, the Internet has shaped the way adolescents work, live, and relax. It has even created new ways for them to express themselves which might be liberating and fun but can also become a forum for of pettiness and criminal exploitation (Irvine, 2004). Furthermore, Ian and Walder (2005) say: As we have become dependent on the Internet, as the network of networks, so we have become vulnerable to criminal and terrorist networks that use cyberspace as a means to undermine and circumvent state control. Protecting against those that wish to attack  the integrity, confidentiality and availability of systems and data they process, is primarily an issue of implementing appropriate security measures. (page) The main purpose for this worry is because adolescents are unaware of what criminals might do to take advantage of people who want to be friendly, allowing them to threaten the country’s and society’s safety. In this way letting them spend too much time in cyberspace is making them loose a lot of security which puts them in dangerous problems later on. We must not forget the most important consequence of growing up in cyberspace: lack of social life and relationships. Sitting in front of the monitor for several continuous hours, without even noticing how time flies by quickly, makes us never want to get off the chair. As many adolescents are living in virtual communities, their only concern is making friends online. Ten years ago, social theorists were suggesting that the Internet would revolutionize social relationships (Carter & Denise M., 2004). Now, the Internet has come a far distance that kids and teens can’t live without it; people can find a job without leaving their desks, shop online without going to the mall and communicate with others without meeting face-to-face by e-mails, online chat rooms and instant messages. So, all the activities that were done with family and friends, are being done alone on the Internet. As a result, such activities have proved to be more isolating than watching television, which friends and family often do in groups, and the time spent with them is decreasing a lot in the presence of the Web. In addition, teens are preferring not to go out for walks or hang out with friends because they are busy in their own larger world. Know it or not, youngsters who are allowing time online to replace face-to-face interaction are being isolated from the real world and are being trapped in the virtual world (Staples, 2004). Seemingly, â€Å"Teenagers who spend much of their lives hunched over computer screens miss the socializing, the real world experience that would allow them to leave adolescence behind and grow into adulthood. These vital experiences, like much else, are simply not available in a virtual form† (Staples, 2004, p.A29). All of this is breaking the social relationships and is bringing up adults that don’t know how to deal with others because they never had the chance to sit and talk face-to-face. A lot of people fear of not being able to go with the flow; who ever doesn’t have access to cyberspace doesn’t have a life. But this isn’t proved to be completely true since it’s not being used in the best and efficient way. Of course it’s the parents job to lead them to the right track; they should always keep them under high supervision. To be more specific, parents should encourage them to have a real life, make real friends, go to real places and spend quality time with family. This doesn’t mean getting rid of this great technology but not letting it control them. Indeed, adolescents are missing a lot of the real world and its content, and aren’t aware of the circumstances and the costs of growing up in cyberspace. References Carter & Denise, M.(2004, December).Living in Virtual Communities: Making Friends Online.Journal of Urban Technology 11(3), 109-125.Retrieved March 19, 2008, from EBSCO Host database. El Mansour, B. & Mupinga, D.M.(2007, March).Students’ Positive and Negative Experiences in Hybrid and Online Classes.College Student Journal 41(1), 242-248.Retrieved March 19, 2008, from EBSCO Host database. Ian & Walder.(2005, April).Crime and Security in Cyberspace.Cambridge Review of International Affairs 11(3), 109-125.Retrieved March 19, 2008, from EBSCO Host database. Irvine, M.(2004, December 5).Youths Adopt, Drive Technology Advances.Fort Worth Star-Telegram, p.31A. Staples, B.(2004, May 29).What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace.New York Times, p.A24.

Use Of Language And Context Voltaire s Candide Essay

The narrative techniques, features of language and context Voltaire used when writing Candide tells us a lot about this book and what Voltaire was trying to achieve in writing it. Candide is told by a third person narrator who is not a main character in the book and is completely outside of the storyline. The title page of Candide implies that the book was found and translated by Doctor Ralph who is our narrator. This is a fiction created by Voltaire to distance himself from the book and to help the reader to understand the satirical nature of Candide. Telling the story from a third person perspective allows the narrator to know all the thing the characters in the book do not. He is omniscience, knowing everything about the circumstances and the characters without being involved with them. This approach works particularly well in Candide. It allows the reader to stand back and see how disturbing the word Voltaire has created is. It also gives the reader space to understand Voltaire’s purpose in writing Candide without getting too caught up in the plight of its characters. It also really highlights how naà ¯ve and almost narrow minded Candide is as a character, especially where his philosophical beliefs are concerned. The use of the third person narrator really highlights the more unrealistic moments in the passage, for example: â€Å"Candide, having served with the Bulgars, performed the Bulgar drill before the general of this little force with such grace, such celerity,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesformal, topical, and thematic features.[7] The term coming-of-age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and laterRead MoreWhat Does Organizational Change Mean?17842 Words   |  72 PagesLatour contends that ignorance of key concepts in scientific analysis is commonplace: We know very little about what causes sciences, technologies, organizations and economies. Open books on social science and epistemology, and you will see how they use the adjectives and adverbs ‘abstract’, ‘rational’, ‘systematic’, ‘universal’, ‘total’, ‘complex’. Look for the ones that try to explain the nouns ‘abstraction’, ‘rationality’, ‘systems’, ‘universe’, ‘science’, ‘organization’, ‘totality’, ‘complexity’